XMACHTEN --- X Version 11

NAME

XMachTen - MachTen Server for X Version 11, Release 6

DESCRIPTION

XMachTen is the server for Version 11, Release 6 of the X window system on Macintosh hardware running MachTen or XTen. MachTen and XTen are different products (from Tenon Intersystems) that contain separate but similar distributions of X software. XMachTen is often refered to as the "MachTen X Server", although these references could equally apply to XTen. XMachTen is designed to take full advantage of the MachTen or XTen environment to achieve the highest possible X windows performance on the Macintosh.

The startup of XMachTen is achieved via different means on MachTen and XTen. Each of these startup methods is described below. Once XMachTen is started, its behaviour is consistent in both environments.

STARTUP UNDER MACHTEN

In MachTen, XMachTen runs under wind(8), the MachTen window daemon. Pressing the <apple-T> hot key sequence while in the MachTen wind environment will initiate the X Server and start a group of X client applications as defined in the .xinitrc shell script file in the user's home directory. The server may be run automatically upon wind startup by placing a line containing a single character "x" in the $HOME/.windrc file. This line should appear after other MachTen terminal definitions, if any.

When started, the X Server becomes another, albeit special, terminal window under wind. When in the foreground, the X Server window occupies the full Macintosh screen and becomes the user's X11 root window or desktop. All X11 clients directed at the server are displayed on the X11 desktop.

The X Server window can be completely hidden from view by selecting or creating another MachTen terminal window under wind. Other Macintosh applications may be brought into the foreground via MultiFinder to hide the X Server. While hidden, all X client applications displayed on the server continue to run but are obscured from view. All other MachTen, Finder, and Macintosh application services are similarly available while the X Server is running. When MachTen is made the foreground application, the X Server root window will reappear according to its stacking order among other MachTen terminal windows, if any. MachTen window stacking order is controlled via the MachTen "Window" menu item.

If no other MachTen terminal windows are started along with the X Server, an xterm console terminal should be among the X client applications launched to display console output.

SHUTDOWN UNDER MACHTEN

Like standard X11 servers, the MachTen X Server catches signals that attempt to restart or shut down the server. Also, the server may be shut down by selecting the "Close Window" File menu item. All active X clients are notified when the X Server is shut down.

STARTUP UNDER XTEN

In XTen, XMachTen is launched by init(8), the system startup daemon. XTen may be configured to launch XMachTen via xdm, in which case a specific user login and password is required, or via xinit, in which case a login and password is not required. Xinit and xdm follow their usual sequences to start a group of X client applications as defined in the

The X Server is the only windowing system available with XTen. When XTen is in the foreground, the X Server window occupies the full Macintosh screen and becomes the user's X11 root window or desktop. All X11 clients directed at the server are displayed on the X11 desktop.

The X Server window can be completely hidden from view by bringing other Macintosh applications into the foreground. These applications may be selected via MultiFinder (if the "enable Macintosh Menu Bar" option is specified when XMachTen is launched). The X Server window can also be hidden using the XTen Manager or the "Hide XTen" item in the X Window Manager's Root Menu. This exposes the Macintosh application "Finder". While hidden, all X client applications displayed on the server continue to run but are obscured from view. All other Macintosh application services are available while the X Server is running. When XTen is again made the foreground application, the X Server root window will reappear.

SHUTDOWN UNDER XTEN

Like standard X11 servers, the MachTen X Server catches signals that attempt to restart or shut down the server. The server may also be shutdown by quitting the X client session started by either xinit or xdm. Also, the XTen Manager may be used to quit XTen, thus shutting down the X Server. All active X clients are notified when the X Server is shut down.

RESTARTING XMACHTEN

Unlike standard X11 servers, the MachTen X Server ignores the HUP signal that usually instructs the X Server to restart. Due to some interactions between the MachTen X Server and the Macintosh Desktop, the MachTen X Server cannot be restarted in this manner.

CONFIGURATIONS

XMachTen operates under MachTen Release 4.0.2 and later, or XTen 6.0 or later. At least eight (8) megabytes of physical system memory with either Mac OS or MachTen virtual memory active is recommended.

OPTIONS

Options available to the MachTen X Server are described in Xserver(n). The .xserverrc file in the user's home directory is used to start the X Server with options. By default, the X server is started with no options. The file /usr/lib/X11/xinit/xserverrc is an example X Server startup file using server options.

THE MENU BAR

The X server is controlled relative to other MachTen windows and Macintosh applications via the Macintosh menu bar appearing over the X desktop. The menu bar may be hidden from view when the X desktop is visible via the -fs or -menu server start up options. Menu bar functions that hide, show, or shut down the X server may be performed using the xtmenu(n) utility application.

BUTTON MAPPINGS

Many X clients assume the mouse has three buttons. The MachTen X Server simulates the middle and right mouse buttons with keystrokes -- by default the left-arrow key generates middle button events and the right-arrow key generates right button events -- the real mouse button generates left button events. The open-apple or cloverleaf key is the "Meta" modifier; Meta can also be obtained by pressing the up-arrow key. The down-arrow key duplicates the Control key. Meta, Control, and Shift are often used in combination with other keystrokes or mouse clicks. For example, the terminal emulator xterm pops up menus in response to control-middle and control-right. The normal function of the arrow keys may be obtained by holding down the Option key while pressing one of the arrow keys.

The default keystrokes for the middle and right mouse buttons may be changed via the -mbm and -mbr server start up parameters. Mouse button keystrokes may also be combined with the Macintosh Option key via the -mo start up parameter. Use of these server options will cause all arrow keys to function normally.

KEYBOARD MAPPINGS

The default layout for keybord keys in the MachTen X Server corresponds to the U.S. character set under Mac OS. Special characters and symbols, including characters with diacritical marks, are available by pressing the option key in combination with certain letter and number keys. Refer to the Macintosh User's Guide for more information on typing special characters.

For International keyboard layouts, the xmodmap program is used to re-map the U.S. character set for use in other countries by reading conversion files found in /usr/lib/X11/xinit. By way of example, to change the X server keyboard layout from the default U.S layout to the French layout, copy the Xmodmap-FR conversion file to a file called .Xmodmap in /usr/lib/X11/xinit before starting the X server for the first time. The .xinitrc script will invoke xmodmap upon server startup and use the .Xmodmap file to establish the desired keyboard layout.

Under the MachTen X Server, hot key operation (using the apple cloverleaf key) normally associated with a MachTen terminal window is disabled. The key functions as an X Meta (or when shifted, Alt) key when the X Server is the front window.

SECURITY

XMachTen uses an access control list for deciding whether or not to accept a connection from a given client. This list initially consists of the machine on which the server is running, and any hosts listed in the file /etc/X0.hosts. This file should contain one line per host name, with no white space.

The user can manipulate a dynamic form of the access control list in the server using the xhost(n) program from the same machine as the server.

Unlike some window systems, X does not have any notion of window operation permissions or place any restrictions on what a client can do; if a program can connect to a display, it has full run of the screen. There is support for using authentication services on connection startup beyond the simple host name check, but it is not used in the standard distribution.

The MachTen X Server also supports a user-based access control mechanism known as MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1. The X Server may be started with options to communicate with an X display manager via XDMCP to implement this access mechanism.

FONTS

Fonts are stored in individual files in the directory(ies) named by the font search path. The name of the file corresponds to the name of the font in lowercase with the suffix ".pcf" (Portable Compiled Font), ".snf" (Server Natural Font), or ".spd" (Speedo-Bitstream) appended. MachTen X Server fonts are provided in ".pcf" format. Font files may be stored in compress(1) format, in which case an additional suffix ".Z" must be appended to the usual filename. Fonts may also be accessed via a remote font server by specifying the -fp option when when server is started.

The MachTen X Server distribution includes an executable font server. See xfs(n).

FILES

$HOME/.xinitrc Bourne shell script executed by xinit client which starts a number of other clients. If no .xinitrc file exists, the file /usr/lib/X11/xinit/xinitrc is executed. If this file does not exist, a single xterm client is started.

/usr/bin/X11/XMachTen The MachTen X Server binary executable image.

$HOME/.xserverrc A Bourne shell script executed by xinit to start the X server with user specified options. An example script is in /usr/lib/X11/xinit/xserverrc.

/usr/bin/X11/* X client binary images.

/usr/lib/X11/fonts/* Local font files.

/usr/lib/X11/xinit/Xmodmap-XX International keyboard mapping files. The two character suffix is the country code.

/usr/lib/X11/rgb.{dir,pag,txt} Color names to RGB mapping.

/etc/X0.hosts Initial access control list. X applications launched from hosts listed in this file, in addition to the local host, are allowed access to the X Server.

/tmp/.X11-unix/X0 Unix domain socket.

/usr/adm/X0msgs X Server Error log file. Start up failure and unexpected termination messages are logged to this file.

/usr/lib/X11/app-defaults Directory containing application specific class resource files. The default appearances of the olvwm and mwm window managers are taken from specifications in this directory.

$HOME/.Xdefaults User environment resource file. Resource specifications in this file are merged with and take precedence over resources specified in /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults.

NOTES

Mouse acceleration and auto repeat functionality are controlled by the Macintosh Mouse and Keyboard Control Panels, respectively. X client requests to manipulate these features are ignored by the X Server.

X client screen saver X11 protocol requests are ignored by the X Server.

The X Server supports only the main screen in a multi-screen environment.