TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Web Ten -- A New Standard in Web Service 1

1.1 Web Ten Architecture 3

1.1.1 Apache Design 3

1.1.2 Squid Object Caching 4

1.1.3 Enhanced Networking 5

1.2 Enhanced Services 7

1.2.1 Virtual Hosts 7

1.2.2 Header-Based Virtual Hosting 8

1.2.3 Fast Storage 8

1.2.4 Secure Socket Layer 9

1.2.5 FTP Service 9

1.2.6 NFS Service 9

1.2.7 DNS Service 9

1.2.8 CRON Service 9

1.2.9 Proxy Services 10

1.3 Advanced HTTP Features 10

1.3.1 Host Name Identification 10

1.3.2 Content Negotiation 11

1.3.3 Keep-Alive Connections 11

1.3.4 "As-Is" Documents 11

1.3.5 "PUT" and "DELETE" Requests 11

1.3.6 Chunked Transfers 12

1.3.7 Byte Ranges 12

1.4 Scripting 12

1.4.1 CGI-Based Scripts 12

1.5 Server APIs 14

1.5.1 Apache APIs 14

1.5.2 WSAPIs 14

1.5.3 Installing Plug-Ins 14

1.6 Server-Side Includes 14

1.7 Database Interfaces 15

1.8 Directives 15

1.9 Logging 15

1.10 Special Utilities 16

1.10.1 Fast File First Aid 16

1.10.2 NoFinder 16

1.10.3 Unix <-> Text 17

1.11 Transitioning to Mac OS X 17

2.0 Installing Web Ten 19

2.1 Before You Begin 19

2.2 Installation Guide 20

2.3 Re-Installing 23

2.4 Uninstalling 24

2.5 Web Ten Extensions 25

2.5.1 ht://Dig 25

2.5.2 WEBmail 25

2.5.3 WebEvent 26

2.5.4 WebCrossing 26

2.5.5 HTML/OS 26

2.5.6 PHP 3 26

3.0 Quick Start Guide 27

3.1 Launching 27

3.1.1 Web Ten Application Heap 28

3.1.2 Setting the Web Ten Administrator's Password 28

3.2 Connecting 29

3.2.1 Connect to the Web Ten Home Page 29

3.2.2 Connect to the Administration Server 30

3.2.3 Try the Examples 31

3.2.4 Add Your Web Pages 31

3.3 Quitting 34

3.4 Web Serving Resources 34

4.0 Web Ten Menus 37

4.1 File Menu 37

4.2 Preferences 38

4.2.1 Host and Domain Name 39

4.2.2 Time Zone 39

4.2.3 DNS IP Address 39

4.2.4 Launching Web Ten On Startup 40

4.2.5 Replacing OpenTransport 40

4.2.6 Networking with OpenTransport 42

4.2.7 Enabling Web Ten Services 42

4.2.8 Testing Web Ten in Loopback Mode 42

4.3 Edit Menu 45

4.4 Admin Menu 46

4.4.1 Set Admin Password 47

4.4.2 Change License 48

4.4.3 Start/Stop Web Server 48

4.4.4 Start/Stop Admin Server 49

4.4.5 Cache Status 49

4.4.6 System Status 52

4.4.7 Web Server Status 54

4.4.8 Flush Cache 56

4.4.9 Shell Window 56

4.4.10 Save Display 56

4.5 Log Menu 57

4.5.1 Clear Log Data 57

4.5.2 Reset Log Config 57

4.5.3 Display Access Log 58

4.5.4 Display Error Log 58

4.5.5 Display Plug-In Msgs 58

5.0 Web Ten Administration 59

5.1 The Administration Server 59

5.1.1 Starting the Administration Server 59

5.2 Web Ten Administration Server 61

5.3 Navigating the Administration Pages 63

5.3.1 Types of Information Fields 63

5.3.2 Making Changes 64

5.3.3 Adding Entries 64

5.3.4 Removing Entries 64

5.3.5 Resetting Entries 65

5.3.6 Inheritance 65

6.0 System-Wide Configuration 67

6.1 Server Defaults 68

6.1.1 ServerAdmin 70

6.1.2 DirectoryIndex 70

6.1.3 ErrorLog 71

6.1.4 TransferLog 71

6.1.5 LogFormat 71

6.1.6 ScriptLog 72

6.1.7 HostnameLookups 72

6.1.8 Plug-In / Apple CGI Settings 73

6.1.9 Error File Settings 75

6.1.10 Alias Settings 76

6.1.11 Redirect Settings 78

6.2 Plug-In Administration 79

6.3 Proxy Settings 80

6.3.1 ProxyRequests 80

6.3.2 CacheSize 81

6.3.3 CacheGcInterval 81

6.3.4 CacheMaxExpire 81

6.3.5 CacheLastModifiedFactor 81

6.3.6 CacheDefaultExpire 82

6.3.7 NoCache 82

6.3.8 Remote Proxies 83

6.3.9 Proxy Access 85

6.4 Server Controls 87

6.4.1 Start/Stop Server 88

6.4.2 Server Status 88

6.4.3 Cache Status 88

6.4.4 Server Info 88

6.4.5 Restart Server 88

6.4.6 Flush Cache 89

6.4.7 Messages 89

6.4.8 Startup Log 89

6.4.9 System Errors 89

6.4.10 Config Log 90

6.4.11 Web Ten Version Number 90

6.5 Action Handlers 91

6.5.1 Configuring Plug-In Actions 92

6.6 MIME Extensions 94

6.6.1 The MIME Typing System 95

6.7 MIME Languages 97

6.8 MIME Encodings 98

6.9 Users 99

6.10 Groups 101

6.10.1 Users in Group 102

6.10.2 Import and Export 103

6.11 Cache Settings 105

6.11.1 AcceleratorCache 106

6.11.2 supercache_enable 106

6.11.3 cache_mem 106

6.11.4 cache_swap 106

6.11.5 swap_level1_dirs 106

6.11.6 swap_level2_dirs 106

6.11.7 cache_stoplist 107

6.12 Advanced Settings 107

6.12.1 StartServers 108

6.12.2 MaxClients 108

6.12.3 MaxSpareServers 108

6.12.4 MinSpareServers 108

6.12.5 MaxRequestsPerChild 109

6.12.6 Port 109

6.12.7 TimeOut 109

6.12.8 KeepAlive 110

6.12.9 MaxKeepAliveRequests 110

6.12.10 KeepAliveTimeout 110

6.12.11 PITCPOpenTimeout 110

6.12.12 ACGIReplyTimeout 110

6.12.13 ACGIEventExtensions 111

6.12.14 MyopicPlugInMode 111

6.13 Direct Access to Configuration Files 113

6.13.1 Macintosh File Creators and File Types 113

7.0 Virtual Hosts 115

7.1 Virtual Hosts Table 115

7.1.1 Adding Virtual Hosts 116

7.1.2 Deleting Virtual Hosts 116

7.2 Virtual Host Configuration 117

7.2.1 VirtualHost 118

7.2.2 SSLSecurity 119

7.2.3 DocumentRoot 119

7.2.4 ServerAdmin 119

7.2.5 ServerName 120

7.2.6 ServerAlias 120

7.2.7 ServerPath 120

7.2.8 DirectoryIndex 121

7.2.9 ErrorLog 121

7.2.10 TransferLog 121

7.2.11 LogFormat 123

7.2.12 HostnameLookups 124

7.3 Plug-In / Apple CGI Defaults 125

7.3.1 WSAPIRequests 125

7.3.2 ACGIBinOnly 126

7.3.3 RequestFiltering 126

7.3.4 PIAccessControl 126

7.3.5 PreProcessor 126

7.3.6 PIPreProcessing 126

7.3.7 PostProcessor 127

7.3.8 PIPostProcessing 127

7.3.9 WSAPIPostArgSize 127

7.3.10 SSLCertificateFile 128

7.3.11 SSLCertificateKeyFile 128

7.4 Error File, Alias, and Redirect Settings 128

7.5 Folder Contents 129

7.5.1 Files 130

7.5.2 Folders 130

7.6 Access Controls 131

7.6.1 Domain Name-Based Restrictions 132

7.6.2 Realm-Based Requirements 134

7.6.3 MIME Type Overrides 136

7.6.4 Action Handler Overrides 137

8.0 Secure Socket Layer (SSL) 139

8.1 Server Certificates 139

8.1.1 Obtaining a Server Certificate 140

8.2 SSL Settings 141

8.2.1 Common Name 142

8.2.2 Organization Name 142

8.2.3 Organizational Unit 142

8.2.4 Locality 142

8.2.5 State or Province 142

8.2.6 Country Code 142

8.2.7 Email Address 142

8.2.8 Generating a CSR 143

8.3 Enabling SSL 145

8.4 Ciphers 145

8.4.1 SSL Cipher Restrictions 146

8.5 Using Web Ten with Multiple Certificates 147

8.6 Self-Signed Certificates 147

8.7 Safeguarding SSL Keys and Certificates 148

8.7.1 Exporting SSL Files 148

8.7.2 Importing SSL Files 150

9.0 FTP Service 151

9.1 File Encodings 151

9.2 Downloading Files via FTP 152

9.3 Uploading Files via FTP 153

9.3.1 Uploading and Executing CGI Scripts 154

9.4 FTP Settings 155

9.4.1 FTP Status 155

9.4.2 Anonymous 156

9.4.3 User-Pass 157

9.4.4 Limit 157

9.4.5 Logging 157

9.5 Virtual Anonymous FTP Service 158

9.5.1 Host Header-Based Anonymous FTP 159

10.0 NFS Service 161

10.1 Configuring the NFS Server 161

10.2 NFS User and Group Numbers 161

10.3 NFS Settings 162

10.3.1 NFS Server 162

10.3.2 Server Path 162

10.3.3 Local Path 163

10.3.4 Read Only 163

11.0 Domain Name System (DNS) 165

11.1 Virtual Hosting Requirements 166

11.2 Web Ten Preferences and DNS 167

11.2.1 Running Web Ten with an Unconfigured DNS Server or without DNS 168

11.2.2 Running Web Ten with DNS 169

11.3 Web Ten Domain Name Server Administration 171

11.3.1 DNS Primary Zone 172

11.3.2 DNS New Primary Zone Page 182

11.3.3 DNS New Secondary Zone Page 183

11.3.4 DNS Secondary Zone 184

11.3.5 Deleting DNS Zones 186

11.4 DNS Database Files 187

11.5 DNS Manager CGI 187

11.6 Registering your DNS Zones 188

12.0 Clock Service (Cron) 189

12.1 Starting Cron 190

12.2 Example crontab File 190

13.0 Using CGIs 191

13.1 Shell CGIs 191

13.1.1 Required Shell Script Content 192

13.1.2 Printenv.sh Example 193

13.1.3 Shell Variables 194

13.2 Perl CGIs 194

13.2.1 Required Script Content 195

13.2.2 Printenv.pl Example 196

13.2.3 Environment Variables 197

13.3 C Language CGIs 197

13.3.1 Printenv.c Example 198

13.4 Fast CGI 201

14.0 WEBmail 202

14.1 Using WEBmail as an e-mail Client 202

14.2 Adding a WEBmail mailbox 204

14.3 Customizing WEBmail 207

15.0 ht://Dig 208

15.1 Build the Web Ten Search Engine Index File 209

15.2 Test the Web Ten Search Engine Database 211

15.3 Multiple Virtual Hosts 211

16.0 Plug-Ins and Apache Modules 212

16.1 Plug-Ins 212

16.1.1 Installing Plug-Ins 212

16.2 Apache Modules 213

16.2.1 Installing Apache Modules 213

Appendix A A-1

Appendix B B-1

Appendix C C-1

Appendix D D-1

Appendix E E-1

Appendix F F-1

Appendix G G-1

INDEX I-1